\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Introduction }{1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1} A Brief Overview}{1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.2}Sources of FITS Software and Information}{1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.3}Acknowledgements}{2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.4}Legal Stuff}{4}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2} Creating the CFITSIO Library }{5}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Building the Library}{5}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1.1}Unix Systems}{5}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1.2}VMS}{7}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1.3}Windows PCs}{7}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1.4}Macintosh PCs}{7}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Testing the Library}{8}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}Linking Programs with CFITSIO}{9}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.4}Getting Started with CFITSIO}{9}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.5}Example Program}{10}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3} A FITS Primer }{13}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4} Programming Guidelines }{15}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}CFITSIO Definitions}{15}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}Current Header Data Unit (CHDU)}{17}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.3}Function Names and Variable Datatypes}{18}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.4}Support for Unsigned Integers}{19}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.5}Dealing with Character Strings}{21}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.6}Implicit Data Type Conversion}{22}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.7}Data Scaling}{22}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.8}Support for IEEE Special Values}{23}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.9}Error Status Values and the Error Message Stack}{23}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.10}Variable-Length Arrays in Binary Tables}{24}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.11}Multiple Access to the Same FITS File}{25}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.12}When the Final Size of the FITS HDU is Unknown}{26}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.13}CFITSIO Size Limitations}{26}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Basic CFITSIO Interface Routines }{29}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}CFITSIO Error Status Routines}{29}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}FITS File Access Routines}{30}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.3}HDU Access Routines}{32}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.4}Header Keyword Read/Write Routines}{34}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.1}Keyword Reading Routines}{35}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.4.2}Keyword Writing Routines}{36}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.5}Primary Array or IMAGE Extension I/O Routines}{38}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.6}Image Compression}{41}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.7}ASCII and Binary Table Routines}{44}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.7.1}Column Information Routines}{44}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.7.2}Routines to Edit Rows or Columns}{46}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.7.3}Read and Write Column Data Routines}{47}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.7.4}Row Selection and Calculator Routines}{49}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.8}Utility Routines}{51}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.8.1}File Checksum Routines}{51}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.8.2}Date and Time Utility Routines}{52}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.8.3}General Utility Routines}{53}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {6} The CFITSIO Iterator Function }{61}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.1}The Iterator Work Function}{62}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.2}The Iterator Driver Function}{64}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.3}Guidelines for Using the Iterator Function}{65}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.4}Complete List of Iterator Routines}{66}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {7} Celestial Coordinate System Routines }{69}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.1} Self-contained WCS Routines}{69}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.2}WCS Routines that require the WCS library}{71}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {8} Hierarchical Grouping Routines }{73}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.1}Grouping Table Routines}{74}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.2}Group Member Routines}{76}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {9} Specialized CFITSIO Interface Routines }{79}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.1}FITS File Access Routines}{79}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.2}HDU Access Routines}{81}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.3}Specialized Header Keyword Routines}{83}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.3.1}Header Information Routines}{83}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.3.2}Read and Write the Required Keywords}{84}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.3.3}Write Keyword Routines}{85}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.3.4}Insert Keyword Routines}{87}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.3.5}Read Keyword Routines}{88}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.3.6}Modify Keyword Routines}{89}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.3.7}Update Keyword Routines}{90}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.4}Define Data Scaling and Undefined Pixel Parameters}{91}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.5}Specialized FITS Primary Array or IMAGE Extension I/O Routines}{92}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.6}Specialized FITS ASCII and Binary Table Routines}{96}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.6.1}General Column Routines}{96}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.6.2}Low-Level Table Access Routines}{97}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.6.3}Write Column Data Routines}{98}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.6.4}Read Column Data Routines}{99}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {10} Extended File Name Syntax }{103}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.1}Overview}{103}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.2}Filetype}{106}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.2.1}Notes about the root filetype}{106}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.2.2}Notes about the shmem filetype:}{108}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.3}Base Filename}{109}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.4}Output File Name when Opening an Existing File}{110}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.5}Template File Name when Creating a New File}{112}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.6}Image Tile-Compression Specification}{112}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.7}HDU Location Specification}{112}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.8}Image Section}{113}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.9}Column and Keyword Filtering Specification}{114}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.10}Row Filtering Specification}{116}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.10.1}General Syntax}{116}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.10.2}Vector Columns}{120}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.10.3}Good Time Interval Filtering}{121}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.10.4}Spatial Region Filtering}{121}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.10.5}Example Row Filters}{123}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.11} Binning or Histogramming Specification}{124}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {11}Template Files }{127}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {11.1}Detailed Template Line Format}{127}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {11.2}Auto-indexing of Keywords}{128}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {11.3}Template Parser Directives}{129}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {11.4}Formal Template Syntax}{129}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {11.5}Errors}{130}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {11.6}Examples}{130}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {12} Local FITS Conventions }{133}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {12.1}64-Bit Long Integers}{133}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {12.2}Long String Keyword Values.}{134}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {12.3}Arrays of Fixed-Length Strings in Binary Tables}{135}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {12.4}Keyword Units Strings}{135}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {12.5}HIERARCH Convention for Extended Keyword Names}{136}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {12.6}Tile-Compressed Image Format}{136}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {13} Optimizing Programs }{139}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {13.1}How CFITSIO Manages Data I/O}{139}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {13.2}Optimization Strategies}{140}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {A}Index of Routines }{143}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {B}Parameter Definitions }{147}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {C}CFITSIO Error Status Codes }{153}